Fetomaternal Outcome in Cases of Pre-eclampsia in a Tertiary Care Referral Hospital in Delhi, India: A Retrospective Analysis

Introduction: Pre-eclampsia is a multiorgan disorder unique to pregnancy typically characterized by blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg after 20 weeks gestation. Aim: To determine maternal and fetal outcomes in patients diagnosed with pre-eclampsia. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective, observational study done by analysis of hospital records of patients admitted in Hospital with diagnosis of pre-eclampsia. Data of three years (2012 to 2014) were analyzed. Exclusion criterion patients with chronic diseases. Results: A total of 224 patients were analyzed. Out of them, 40% were booked and 76.8% cases were of age group 21-30 years. About 58.9% of them were primigravida. About 82.1% of patients presented at gestational age of ≥34 weeks and 5.4% were below 30 weeks About 14.2% patients of severe pre-eclampsia were delivered by lower segment cesarean section, whereas cesarean rate in mild pre-eclampsia group was 7.2%. Prematurity was the most common complication seen in 67.9% of cases, perinatal mortality in 12.5% cases while birth asphyxia was present in 21.4% of patients. Partial HELLP and HELLP were seen in 37.5% of patients, eclampsia in 1.8% patients; other complications included disseminated intravascular coagulation and pulmonary edema which was seen in 3.6% of cases each and maternal mortality rate was1.8%. Conclusion: Only quality obstetric care can reduce the adverse outcomes of pre-eclampsia. This study therefore advocates more research into the prevention, prediction, and management including neonatal care of pre-eclampsia.